记录一次搭建最简单分布式的踩坑过程···

发表于 分类于 阅读次数： 本文字数： 26k 阅读时长 ≈ 24 分钟

所需服务与环境

  • docker 20.10.12
  • mysql 5.7.37
  • redis
  • nacos 1.4.2
  • sentinel 1.8.0
  • nginx
  • user-server
  • consumer-server
  • gateway-server

先来列一列所踩的一部分坑

前言：被这些坑浪费了两天时间

1、使用docker-compose运行基于Mysql的Nacos

背景：Nacos的启动需要依赖MySQL数据库，使用了：

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# 意思是Nacos服务的运行依赖Mysql服务，Nacos会在Mysql之后启动
depends_on:
    - mysql

执行后遇到的问题：

1、有时候Mysql会在Nacos之后启动，depends_on没效果，Nacos启动失败

原因：很简单，就是mysql没运行，Naocs连接不上Mysql。

目前还找不到depends_on没效果的原因，可能是docker-compose的BUG吧···

2、Mysql在Naocs之前启动，但是Nacos还是启动失败

原因：Mysql虽然启动了，但是没完全启动，这时Nacos就开始启动，导致Nacos连接不上Mysql。

刚开始还不知道为什么，后来查资料才知道depends_on参数是以容器是否Rinning来判定是否完成启动的，而这不是真正的完全启动，所以导致Naocs还是连接不上Mysql

解决方法：使用wait-for脚本，检测Mysql的3306端口是否开启，开启后再运行Nacos

新的问题：很多时候端口虽然开了，但服务还没完全启动，这种方法只能增大Nacos运行成功的机率

终极方案，运行Mysql后手动重启Nacos：docker service update nacos --force

wait-for脚本代码：

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#!/bin/sh

# The MIT License (MIT)
#
# Copyright (c) 2017 Eficode Oy
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.

VERSION="2.2.2"

set -- "$@" -- "$TIMEOUT" "$QUIET" "$PROTOCOL" "$HOST" "$PORT" "$result"
TIMEOUT=120
QUIET=0
# The protocol to make the request with, either "tcp" or "http"
PROTOCOL="tcp"

echoerr() {
  if [ "$QUIET" -ne 1 ]; then printf "%s\n" "$*" 1>&2; fi
}

usage() {
  exitcode="$1"
  cat << USAGE >&2
Usage:
  $0 host:port|url [-t timeout] [-- command args]
  -q | --quiet                        Do not output any status messages
  -t TIMEOUT | --timeout=timeout      Timeout in seconds, zero for no timeout
  -v | --version                      Show the version of this tool
  -- COMMAND ARGS                     Execute command with args after the test finishes
USAGE
  exit "$exitcode"
}

wait_for() {
  case "$PROTOCOL" in
    tcp)
      if ! command -v nc >/dev/null; then
        echoerr 'nc command is missing!'
        exit 1
      fi
      ;;
    wget)
      if ! command -v wget >/dev/null; then
        echoerr 'wget command is missing!'
        exit 1
      fi
      ;;
  esac

  TIMEOUT_END=$(($(date +%s) + TIMEOUT))

  while :; do
    case "$PROTOCOL" in
      tcp)
        nc -w 1 -z "$HOST" "$PORT" > /dev/null 2>&1
        ;;
      http)
        wget --timeout=1 -q "$HOST" -O /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1
        ;;
      *)
        echoerr "Unknown protocol '$PROTOCOL'"
        exit 1
        ;;
    esac

    result=$?

    if [ $result -eq 0 ] ; then
      if [ $# -gt 7 ] ; then
        for result in $(seq $(($# - 7))); do
          result=$1
          shift
          set -- "$@" "$result"
        done

        TIMEOUT=$2 QUIET=$3 PROTOCOL=$4 HOST=$5 PORT=$6 result=$7
        shift 7
        exec "$@"
      fi
      exit 0
    fi

    if [ $TIMEOUT -ne 0 -a $(date +%s) -ge $TIMEOUT_END ]; then
      echo "Operation timed out" >&2
      exit 1
    fi

    sleep 1
  done
}

while :; do
  case "$1" in
    http://*|https://*)
    HOST="$1"
    PROTOCOL="http"
    shift 1
    ;;
    *:* )
    HOST=$(printf "%s\n" "$1"| cut -d : -f 1)
    PORT=$(printf "%s\n" "$1"| cut -d : -f 2)
    shift 1
    ;;
    -v | --version)
    echo $VERSION
    exit
    ;;
    -q | --quiet)
    QUIET=1
    shift 1
    ;;
    -q-*)
    QUIET=0
    echoerr "Unknown option: $1"
    usage 1
    ;;
    -q*)
    QUIET=1
    result=$1
    shift 1
    set -- -"${result#-q}" "$@"
    ;;
    -t | --timeout)
    TIMEOUT="$2"
    shift 2
    ;;
    -t*)
    TIMEOUT="${1#-t}"
    shift 1
    ;;
    --timeout=*)
    TIMEOUT="${1#*=}"
    shift 1
    ;;
    --)
    shift
    break
    ;;
    --help)
    usage 0
    ;;
    -*)
    QUIET=0
    echoerr "Unknown option: $1"
    usage 1
    ;;
    *)
    QUIET=0
    echoerr "Unknown argument: $1"
    usage 1
    ;;
  esac
done

if ! [ "$TIMEOUT" -ge 0 ] 2>/dev/null; then
  echoerr "Error: invalid timeout '$TIMEOUT'"
  usage 3
fi

case "$PROTOCOL" in
  tcp)
    if [ "$HOST" = "" ] || [ "$PORT" = "" ]; then
      echoerr "Error: you need to provide a host and port to test."
      usage 2
    fi
  ;;
  http)
    if [ "$HOST" = "" ]; then
      echoerr "Error: you need to provide a host to test."
      usage 2
    fi
  ;;
esac

wait_for "$@"

3、Mysql可以连接上了，但是Nacos还是启动失败

原因：没有指定Naocs的运行模式，默认是集群模式，运行时没有加上运行模式的参数，再加上没有配置集群，所以启动失败，因为我是测试demo，所以就加上参数指定Naocs运行模式：

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# docker swarm 使用单机模式，否则报错
    - MODE=standalone

解决以上问题后，能把服务跑起来了

docker-compose-middleware.yml配置

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version: '3'
services:
    redis:
        image: "redis:latest"
        networks:
            - demo-network
        ports:
            - "6379:6379"
        deploy:
            placement:
                constraints: [node.role == manager]
    mysql:
        image: "mysql:5.7.37"
        networks:
            - demo-network
        ports:
            - "3306:3306"
        volumes:
            - /opt/mysql_docker/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
            - /opt/mysql_docker/logs:/logs
            - /opt/mysql_docker/data:/var/lib/mysql
        environment:
            - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
        deploy:
            placement:
                constraints: [node.role == manager]
    sentinel:
        image: "bladex/sentinel-dashboard:1.8.0"
        networks:
            - demo-network
        ports:
            - "8858:8858"
        deploy:
            placement:
                constraints: [node.role == manager]
    nacos:
        image: "nacos/nacos-server:1.4.2"
        networks:
            - demo-network
        ports:
            - "8848:8848"
        environment:
            - SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql
            - MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=mysql
            - MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3306
            - MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=nacos
            - MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=nacos
            - MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=123456
            - MYSQL_DATABASE_NUM=1
            - JVM_XMS=256m
            - JVM_XMX=256m
            - JVM_XMN=256m
            # docker swarm 使用单机模式，否则报错
            - MODE=standalone
        volumes:
            - nacos-data:/home/nacos
            - ./wait-for:/home/nacos/wait-for
        deploy:
            placement:
                constraints: [node.role == manager]
        # 有时候nacos还是会第一个启动。。。可能BUG吧
        depends_on:
            - redis
            - mysql
            - sentinel
        # wait-for脚本中超时时间调长一点
        command: sh -c '/home/nacos/wait-for mysql:3306 -- ./bin/docker-startup.sh'

# 必须这样创建网络：
# docker network create demo-network --driver overlay --scope swarm --attachable
networks:
    demo-network:
        # 开启使用已经创建的网络（不自己创建）
        external: true
volumes:
    nacos-data:


# docker run -it --rm --name busybox1 --network my-net busybox sh

docker-compose-app.xml配置

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version: '3'
services:
    user-server:
        image: "user-server:latest"
        networks:
            - demo-network
            
        deploy:
            placement:
                constraints: [node.role == manager]
        ports:
            - "8080:8080"

    consumer-server:
        image: "consumer-server:latest"
        networks:
            - demo-network
        deploy:
            placement:
                constraints: [node.role == manager]
        ports:
            - "8085:8085"
    nginx:
        image: "nginx:latest"
        networks:
            - demo-network
        ports:
            - "80:80"
        volumes:
            - /opt/docker-compose/swarm/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
        deploy:
            placement:
                constraints: [node.role == manager]
        depends_on:
            - user-server

networks:
    demo-network:
        external: true

但新的坑又出现了···

问题：Nacos配置改变了，但是应用服务中的配置不更新，重启应用服务都没用，只能重启Naocs服务才能刷新

原因：未知，可能docker stack命令运行docker-compose有BUG吧

解决方法：使用指令docker service create单个运行服务，服务多的话可以写脚本自动一个个运行。

配置、命令、代码

APP服务镜像生成dockerfile

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FROM java:8-alpine
COPY ./gateway.jar /tmp/gateway.jar
EXPOSE 10010
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/tmp/gateway.jar"]

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docker build -t gateway-server:1.0 .

Nginx的Default.conf

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server {
    listen       80;
    listen  [::]:80;
    server_name  localhost;

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
    location = /a.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location /user {
        proxy_pass   http://user-server:8080;
    }
    location /consumer {
        proxy_pass   http://consumer-server:8085;
    }
    location /gateway/ {
        proxy_pass   http://gateway-server:10010/;
    }



    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

服务启动命令

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docker service create  --constraint node.role==manager \
	--replicas 1 \
	--name nginx \
	--network demo-network \
	-p 80:80 \
	--mount type=volume,src=nginx,dst=/etc/nginx \
	nginx:latest


docker service create  --constraint node.role==manager \
	--replicas 1 \
	--name gateway-server \
	--network demo-network \
	-p 10010:10010 \
	gateway-server:1.0


docker service create \
	--replicas 3 \
	--name consumer-server \
	--network demo-network \
	-p 8085:8085 \
	consumer-server:1.0



docker service create \
	--replicas 3 \
	--name user-server \
	--network demo-network \
	-p 8080:8080 \
	user-server:1.0



docker service create  --constraint node.role==manager \
	--replicas 1 \
	--name sentinel \
	--network demo-network \
	-p 8858:8858 \
	bladex/sentinel-dashboard:1.8.0


docker service create  --constraint node.role==manager \
	--replicas 1 \
	--name redis \
	--network demo-network \
	-p 6379:6379 \
	redis:latest


docker service create  --constraint node.role==manager \
	--replicas 1 \
	--name nacos \
	--network demo-network \
	-e SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql \
	-e MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=mysql \
	-e MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3306 \
	-e MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=nacos \
	-e MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=nacos \
	-e MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=123456 \
	-e MYSQL_DATABASE_NUM=1 \
	-e JVM_XMS=256m \
	-e JVM_XMX=256m \
	-e JVM_XMN=256m \
	-e MODE=standalone \
	--mount type=volume,src=nacos-data,dst=/home/nacos \
	-p 8848:8848 \
	nacos/nacos-server:1.4.2


docker service create  --constraint node.role==manager \
	--replicas 1 \
	--name mysql \
	--network demo-network \
	-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
	--mount type=volume,src=mysql_conf,dst=/etc/mysql/conf.d \
	--mount type=volume,src=mysql_log,dst=/logs \
	--mount type=volume,src=mysql_data,dst=/var/lib/mysql \
	-p 3306:3306 \
	mysql:5.7.37

spring_cloud_demo父工程

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>


    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_cloud_demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>user_service</module>
        <module>regist</module>
        <module>gateway</module>
        <module>consumer</module>
    </modules>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring.cloud-version>Hoxton.SR9</spring.cloud-version>
        <!--<spring-alibaba.version>2.2.7.RELEASE</spring-alibaba.version>-->
        <spring-alibaba.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- springCloud: 导入SpringCloud的父工程 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud-version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>

    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

user-server服务

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring_cloud_demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>user_service</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--alibaba的 Nacos依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring的健康检测依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--nacos-config-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--sentinel-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

测试的UserController

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package com.example.user_service.controller;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RefreshScope
public class userController {

    @Value("${company}")
    private String company;

    @Value("${companya}")
    private String companya;

    @Value("${company1}")
    private String company1;

    @GetMapping("/user")
    public String queryUser() {
        String str0 = "user服务：" + company;
        String str1 = "user服务：" + company1;
        String str2 = "共享配置：" + companya;
        //String str = "user服务：";
        System.out.println(str0);
        System.out.println(str1);
        System.out.println(str2);
        //try {
        //    Thread.sleep(2000);
        //} catch (InterruptedException e) {
        //    e.printStackTrace();
        //}
        return str0 + "\n" + str1 + "\n" + str2;
    }
}

bootstrap.yml

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nacos-url: nacos:8848
spring:
  application:
    name: user-server

  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: ${nacos-url} # nacos服务地址
      config:
        server-addr: ${nacos-url}
        file-extension: yaml
        shared-configs: shared.yml
#  profiles:
#    active: dev
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*" # 暴露健康检测的接口

Nacos配置中心的配置

1

consumer-server服务

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring_cloud_demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>consumer</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--Web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--alibaba的 Nacos依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring的健康检测依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--sentinel-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--nacos-config-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

测试的ConsumerController

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package com.example.consumer.controller;

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.example.consumer.feign.UserClient;
//import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RefreshScope
public class ConsumerContorller {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @Value("${ccc}")
    private String c;

    private final UserClient userClient;

    public ConsumerContorller(@Qualifier("com.example.consumer.feign.UserClient") UserClient userClient) {
        this.userClient = userClient;
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer")
    @SentinelResource(value = "consumer1", blockHandler = "block")
    //@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod="consumerFail")
    public String consumer() {
        //int i = 1/0;
        //// 根据服务id(spring.application.name)，获取服务实例列表
        //List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("user-service");
        //// 取出一个服务实例
        //ServiceInstance instance = instances.get(0);
        //// 从实例中获取host和port，组成url
        ////String url = String.format("http://%s:%s/user", instance.getHost(), instance.getPort());
        //String url = "http://user-service/user";
        //restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
        //return restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);

        // 根据服务id(spring.application.name)，获取服务实例列表
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("user-server");
        // 取出一个服务实例
        ServiceInstance instance = instances.get(0);
        // 从实例中获取host和port，组成url
        String url = String.format("http://%s:%s/user", instance.getHost(), instance.getPort());
        System.out.println(url);
        System.out.println(port);
        System.out.println(c);


        // 查询
        if (c.equals("1")) {
            System.out.println("消费者");
            return restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
        }else {
            return userClient.queryUser();
        }

        //return userClient.queryUser();
    }

    private String consumerFail() {
        return "服务被降级了";
    }
    public String block(BlockException be) {
        return "服务被限流了";
    }
}

测试的`UserClient接口

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package com.example.consumer.feign;

import com.example.consumer.feign.fallback.UserClientFallback;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@FeignClient(value = "user-server", fallback = UserClientFallback.class)
//@FeignClient(value = "user-server")
public interface UserClient {
    @GetMapping("/user")
    String queryUser();
}

测试的UserClientFallback

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package com.example.consumer.feign.fallback;

import com.example.consumer.feign.UserClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
// 超时则在这里返回数据
public class UserClientFallback implements UserClient {
    @Override
    public String queryUser() {
        String str = "抱歉：请求超时，请稍后重试";
        System.out.println(str);
        return str;
    }
}

bootstrap.xml

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nacos-url: nacos:8848
spring:
  application:
    name: consumer-server
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: ${nacos-url} # nacos服务地址
      config:
        server-addr: ${nacos-url}
        file-extension: yaml
        shared-configs: shared.yml
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*" # 暴露健康检测的接口

Nacos配置中心的配置

1

Gateway服务

pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring_cloud_demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>gateway</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--redis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis-reactive</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--alibaba的 Nacos依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring的健康检测依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--sentinel-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- gateway与sentinel适配依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--nacos-config-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

测试的IpKeyResolver

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package com.example.geteway.ratelimit;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.ratelimit.KeyResolver;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.util.Objects;

@Component
public class IpKeyResolver implements KeyResolver {
    @Override
    public Mono<String> resolve(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
        return Mono.just(Objects.requireNonNull(exchange.getRequest().getRemoteAddress()).getHostName());
    }
}

bootstrap.yml

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nacos-url: nacos:8848
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-server
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: ${nacos-url} # nacos服务地址
      config:
        server-addr: ${nacos-url}
        file-extension: yaml
        shared-configs: shared.yml
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*" # 暴露健康检测的接口

Nacos配置中心的配置

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